journal of al-qadisiyah for pure science(quarterly)

In this paper we introduce the notion ofalmost countably compact spaces in bitopological
spaces , give new definitions , and study some of the important properties related to this concept , the
relationship between almost countably compact spaces and countably compact spaces

The main aim of this work is to create a new types of Lower minimal structure action namely SIndms
-action, WIndms -action and VkIndms -action. Also, we gave restriction and the relation among the certain types
of Lower minimal structure action.

The aim of this paper is to introduce and study some properties of a new generalization of contra closed
set called contra ⍬gs-closed function in topological spaces, as well as , some theorems and examples of
these functions .

Anthracites are considered as raw materials for the production of fullerenes, and the radiospectroscopy
method is proposed for express diagnostics of carbonic materials. In this work the features of the influence exerted by sizes, forms, and structures of anthracite samples on EPR signals are studied. It has
been demonstrated that the features of the recorded EPR spectra for the coals exhibiting high degrees
of metamorphization are associated with high concentrations of the localized spins at the recording
conditions and also with the peculiarities of their spatial-temporal localization within the fullerene-like
structures of the coals.

In this work, we study the electronic structure (number of open channels (NOC), band structur(BS), density
of states (DOS), and I-V curve) of boron nitride/ graphene sheet using SIESTA and GOLLUM codes. Ab
initio structural optimization performs for all structures using the local density approximation (LDA) with
norm-conserving pseudopotentials, double zeta polarized (DZP) basis sets of pseudoatomic orbitals, and
the Ceperley-Alder exchange correlation functional with the atomic forces relaxed to 0.02 eV/˚A. Three
types of simulated heterostructures sheets have been studied: 1- One graphene strip and one boron nitride
strip sheet. 2- Two graphene strip and one boron nitride strip sheet. 3- Three graphene strip and one boron
nitride strip sheet. We show that there is a dramatic reduction in energy gap ‘Eg’ of heterostructures
comparing with the insulator boron nitride (Eg 4.6 eV) and increasing in energy gap comparing with
semimetallic graphene (zero gap).

This study was designed to determine the effect of extract watery of Pomegranate
peel(Punica granatum)on broiler infected with Escherichia coli . In this study 100 chicks
which were divided into two groups .The first group (25 chicks) given 5ml of sterile
trypticase soya broth (control group) while the second group(75 chicks) given 5ml of
trypticase soya broth which containing 2×108CFU ⁄ ml of Escherichia coli(infected
group).When the symptoms of infection were appearing extracting watery of Pomegranate
peel was given at the concentrations 50 ,75 ,100 mg ⁄ml.
The results showed a decreased in body weight , food - and water intake after infection
and when we given the extract watery , there was an increase in body weight , food intake and
the health of chicks according to the increased in concentration infused.

The aim of this study is to know the active influence of some extracts plants which include the
extraction of Monterey cypress leaf, Christs thorm , Eucalypts and Oleander in four different
concentration in every extraction plant 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% for control Fusarium oxysporum fungus
caused root rot cucumber disease . The results appear that all the extraction plants which are used
made a inhibition in the growth rate of the fungi . The 40% concentration is more efficiency ,the
growth rate is 4, 3.75 , 2.75 ,2.12 Cm respectively and the inhibition rate is 52.94%, 55.88%,
67.64%,75.05% respectively. compared to the control treatment (F.oxysporum only) was growth rate
8.5cm. The most actively plant to reduce the growth of the fungi is the extraction of Oleander plant in
the 40% concentration which made the inhibition rate 75.05%. The lowest rate of concentration to
reduce the growth of the fungi is 10%.The inhibition rate is 25.05%,23.52%,28%,51.52%respectively.

The study was conducted in Animal house of the department of Biology, College of
Education, Al-Qadisiya University during the period from 1/9/2013 to 1/9/2014. The study
diagnosed the parasite of E.tenella in naturally infected chickens in poultry farms. E.tenella was
isolated from the infected cases in Vet. hospital and Vet. clinics.Then,the cases diagnosed initially
in the laboratory direct examining stool by ordinary microscope and the positive cases were
recorded and diagnosed by using the technique of Conventional Polymerase Chain
Reaction(PCR). There are 315 cases of infected chicken which are examined and the results
showed that (186 out of 315) stool Samples,59%, The experimental infection for each experiment
was done in age 21 day with dosage of (5×104) grown oocysts/chicken for E.tenella in two types
of chickens(Ross and local breed) Also,two groups of uninfected chickens (control) are used for
the sake of comparison.
Hematological parameters in Ross chickens showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in fourth
week of infection), percentage of Packed cell volume (PCV)(18.47% in the fifth week of
infection) and Red blood cell (RBC) count was (1.58x106 in the fourth week of infection) . Also ,
the infection led to significant difference of white blood cell (WBC) count (30.19x103 in the
seventh week of infection) comparison of uninfected chickens of the control group. While The
hematological parameters in local breed showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in Hb
concentration and percentage of PCV (7.13mg/100ml , 21.26% respectively in the fifth week of
infection) , while the RBC count was (2.05 x 106 in the fourth week of infection and significant
increased (p<0.05) in WBC count was (30.63 x 106 the sixth week of infection) in comparison
with the chickens of the control group.

This study included the efficacy of the alkaloid , which extracted from leaves of Conocarpus
erectus and fruits , seeds of Citrullus colocynthis and urea on the radial growth of Alternaria
alternata and Aspergillus ochraceus isolated from seeds and roots of faba bean compared
with fungicide Tapsin, also testing the effect of these treatment in germination of seeds in
sterilized and un sterilized soil , and detection of tested fungi by molecular method using
polymerase chain reaction( PCR). The results showed that the alkaloids have significant effect
on growth of tested fungus on solid culture medium (PDA) , in measuring with controlled
treatment and tested fungicide at level of possibility 5%, and also increasing the rate of
germination of faba bean seeds in sterilized and un sterilized soil. The concentration 15mgml
had the greatest action comparing with other alkaloids and urea concentrations and
fungicides. The testing of measuring Infra-Red Spectrum (FTIR) showed the presence of
many specific band due the extraction alkaloids.

Receved :25/4/2016 Accepted :10/8/2016
Nadia Ahmed Hadi
Department of Biolgy/ College of Education/ the-Qar University
Abstract
Through examination of 183 sample of the fresh water fish liza abu obtained from Al-furat Riverin
The-Qar Governoraate the percentage of total internal parasites in fection was 45.90% They were the
trematode clinostomum Complanatum 15.30% , The percentage of in fection with
Neochinorhynchus iraqensis 9.83% and the infection oocyst of cryptosporidium spp 12.02
and the infection by the larva stage contracaecum sp. 8.74% and interinal parasites were
recorded for the first time in laza abu fish inThe-Qar.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most chronic diseases that is widely spread all over the world
and affects all age groups. The disease has a vast potential to affect almost every body organ,
especial the peripheral nerves, which causes high mortality rates from disease complications.
These complications cause damage in the organs of the body including the nerves located in
the limbs that generate an intense heat resulting from the destruction of nerve fibers in
addition to the acute pain resulting from the effect of diabetes in those nerves. This study was
designed to determine the sensitivity of those nerves by displaying the results of nerve
conduction study for patients and compared it with their clinical examination to determine
the severity of numbness and assess the level of pain in the upper and lower limbs. The study
was carried out at the Diabetes and Endocrinology Center in Al-Sader Medical City in AlNajaf governorate and it included following up the case of (78) patients with diabetic
peripheral neuropathy, (32) men and(46)women their ages ranging between(35-68) year and
they were divided into three age groups ,the study was began from 5/9/2014 until 7/4/2015.
The study excluded the patients with peripheral neuropathy but have foot ulceration because
the nerve conduct system (SUDOSCAN REPORT) was used in the current study, cannot
perform nerve conduction study for patients with foot ulceration also smokers and the
patients who taking treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. During this study the
clinical examination for patients was performed and compared with the nerve conduction
results of them , also all the information related with the history of patients were recorded .
The present study has shown a significant difference (P <0.05) between the clinical tests of
the patients who were tested by tuning fork as while as nerves needle test and between nerve
conduction study for both sexes were included in the study. The results of the study did not
show any significant difference(P>0.05) when compared the results of nerve conduction
65
 2017 1 22
study among the different age groups for males. For females however, there was a significant
difference (P<0.05) among the different age groups. When compared the glycosylated
hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels over the past three months, there were no significant differences
(P>0.05) for males and females . The results of the current study did not reveal a significant
difference (P>0.05) between the body mass index among males, but it noticed a significant
difference (P<0.05) among females with peripheral diabetic neuropathy.

samples collected from different environmental sources included soils contaminated and Sixty
non-contaminated vehicles hydrocarbon and water drainage and sources of clinical from Diwaniyah
Educational Hospital, for the period from January 28/ 2013 until February 1/ 2014. Sixteen isolates
were obtained Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 6 isolates belonging Pseudomonas fluorescens, and were
selected from P. aerugionsa and isolate of P.fluorescens for the purpose of testing their ability
metabolite in biological control fungi direction F.solani and A.alternata isolated from infected tomato
plants with these fungi and collected samples from greenhouses in Diwaniyha. The results showed
that all the bacteria isolates were stimulating plant growth, as are all influenced the increase in plant
height and root length and dry weight increase and soft grouped to shoot and root and significant
difference (P <0.05) for seed treatment fungal pathogens only. Showed P. aerugionsa isolated from
urinary tract infections at P.fluorescens and isolated from soils contaminated by hydrocarbon
compounds of high ability to protect tomato plants from fungal infection Pathogenetic.

This study used two groups of adult and healthy birds, joined the first group of 15 pigeons laughing doves
granivores , five of them for the purpose of anatomical study, and another ten for the purpose of histological study,
and included a second group of 15 birds Kingfisher white breasted carnivores, and five of them for the purpose of
anatomical study, and ten of them for the purpose of histological study.
The Anatomical study included the study ofthe form ofduodenum position and shape in the laughing dove and
white breasted kingfisher birds, the histological study included histological structure of duodenum and measuring
the thickness of the wall consisting ofduodenum.
The study have showed that the duodenum in both the birds is a single surround the pancreas and the results
showed that the villi which were longer and thicken and contain more branches in its base part in kingfisher
copared with that of laughing dove bird which was shorter and thinner, It has been noted that there was differences
in layer thickness that form intestine wall .The mucosa layer was thinner compared with other layer.
It has been concluded that the difference of food type that the birds have can have clear effect in both
morphological and histological structure of duodenum ; namely ,the thickness of layers that forms their walls.

The study of results showed histopathological changes in each of (skin, muscle, liver,
kidney, spleen and small intestine) represented by proliferation fibrous connective tissue in
layer of the dermis and infiltration of inflammatory cells as well as hyperplasia in epithelial
layer of the epidermis also appeared degeneration and necrosis of the muscle fibers where
appeared free nuclei with infiltration of inflammatory cells out of the blood vessels in addition
to the appearance bleeding within the muscle fibers in the liver there appeared congestion of
central veins with loss of the geometric structure of the liver tissue and infiltration of
inflammatory cells near the central vein with fatty degeneration of the liver cells as happened
atrophy of the intestinal villi and crashing and alienation in the villi that lining the vertical cells.
In the kidney, noted presence of severe bleeding in the renal tissue and necrosis of the cell
lining of renal tubules twisted with atrophy of the renal glomeruli.
In the spleen ,the results showed atrophy an exhausted pulp white with severe proliferation
in red pulp and incidence of hemorrhage and necrosis widely in the lymphoid tissue of the
spleen.also appeared the air sacs in lungs full of red blood cells with a large clot inside a blood
vessel.

The present study included isolation and diagnosis of the bacteria Escherichia coli from
patients suffering urinary tract infection symptoms in different ages and both sexes, which was
taken from the consulting patients in Maternal Hospital, and General Teaching Hospital in ALDiwianyia city during the period from 1/3/2012 till 1/8/2012 .
The results of morphological and biochemical tests appeared that 94 isolates belong to bacteria
E. coli , among them 40 (42.6%) isolates were hemolysis on blood agar plates containing human
blood ( A, B, AB, O ) and were production percentage of hemolysin (55%, 72.5%, 20%, and 40%)
respectively .
Some virulence factors, which bacteria have, were studied in both phenotypical and genotypical .
Such as hemolysin production . The results showed that all the bacterial samples 40 (100%) were
hemolysin production phenotypically as well as had the chromosomal genes hlyA and hlyB 40
(100%) and also had the plasmid gene hlyA plasmid 36 (90%) by using the polymerase chain
reaction for detection about these genes .
The results of electrophoresis on Agarose gel showed that most of the bacterial isolates contain
plasmid bands between one to three 36 (90%) . All isolates contained one plasmid band large in
size, it molecular weight was about 1200 bp 36 (90%) isolate, the plasmid bands distributed among
one plasmid band 14 (35%) isolates, two plasmid band 19 (47.5%) isolates, and three plsmid band 3
(7.5%) isolates .
The results of bacterial conjugation showed the possibility of transmitting of plasmids among
E.coli giving isolates and E.coli MM294 receiving strain in complete process . The features of the
conjugation cells were studied as having virulence factor phenotypically included hemolysin
production, and also were detected about hlyA plasmid the results showed that isolates were
contained of that gene .

The present study is concerned with isolation and identification of some aquatic fungi,
including its species of Saprolegnia in the waters of Al-Diwaniyah province and molecular
characterization. The study is regarded as the first in Iraq according to the information available to
us.
Two species, Saprolegnia parasitica and Saprolegnia ferax, have been isolated from rivers,
lakes and fish. The physical and chemical environmental characteristics have been measured. The
types above have been examined to extract the DNA. The (PCR) technique has been used to
examine the presence of proteases enzyme.
The results of isolation and identification showed that the percentage of the two types were
64% in rivers areas 40% in the lakes areas and 50% in fish. The rates represented the examined
samples which were 60 samples. The S. parasitica species is more apparently found during
(February, 2014), the number of samples was 12, the less presence of this species in (April, 2014),
where the number of sample, was 3. The S. ferax species is more apparently presented in
(February, 2014), the number of samples was 10. The less presence was in (April, 2014), the
number of samples was 2. The results showed that the number of isolation of Saprolegnia species
in study area was 6 in rivers, 2 in lakes, and 3 in fish.
The second species, S. ferax showed number of isolations which were 10 in rivers, 8 in lakes,
and 2 in fish.
The PCR examination has used to detect the rDNA gene which responsible for proteases gene
and whether it is found in the two species of fungi. The express way has been used to extract DNA
and according to the instructions of manufacturer company. The concentrations of DNA in first
species were 121.8-73.0 mcg/microliter and purity 1.87-1.80 .In the second species the
concentrations ofDNAwere 2360.4-166.9 mcg/microliter and purity 2-1.75. The standard rate
according to the instructions of company is 1.8, this has been measured by using the Nanodrop
Spectrophotometer and reading the absorbing with wave length 260-280 nm and the efficiency of
method used and molecular confirmation for fungi species and the determination of fungi species
according to the sources of fungi isolation, which one of them is more spread in the study area and
which one is more infections for fish. The S. parasitica species was less spread in rivers with
percentage of 66.6%. And the percentage of the in lakes and fish was 100%. The second species
S.ferax was more spread in rivers with percentage of 70%.The percentage of the in lakes 62% and
fish was 100%.
The results, by using PCR technique, showed that the percentage of protease in first species
was 25% in rivers. In lakes and fish was 100% .Concerning the second species, the percentage of
enzyme was 42% in rivers, 40%in lakes, and 50% in fish.
It can be concluded that there is a diversity in fungi species with respect to study areas and
enzyme secretion in the stages of fungi infection. The enzyme is more apparently found in
S.parasitica species compared with S.ferax species.

A pots experiment was conducted in a plantation affiliated to Al-Diwaniya city during the
winter season of (2014 - 2015) to find out the effect of different concentrations of Nanoparticles (gold
and silver) and gibberellin and their interactions in growth and yield of sweet pepper (C. annuum L.)
plant and its contents of mineral, organic and active substance.
The design of the experiment was Randomized Complete Blocks (RCBD) in a factorial
arrangement (5 × 4), with three replicates, the first factor included five concentrations of Nanoparticles
(0Control, 15Au, 30Au, 20Ag and 40Ag) mg. L-1, and the second factor included four concentrations of
gibberellin (0, 200, 300 and 400) ml. L-1. Means were compared by using averages revised least
significant difference (RLSD) at 0.05 probability level when the treatments referred to significant
effect.
The results showed:
1 - The use of silver nanoparticles by 20 ml. L-1 significant improvements showed in the flowering,
fruiting .
2- The use of use gibberellin by 300 mg. L-1 increased the flowering, fruiting and yield characteristics
of the pla

This study included obtained random samples of onion product with complete parts of it ,roots,stems
and leaves from places that culture with onion that belong to Al- Qadisia ,these samples included the
four types of onion,white,yellow,green and red.
The parts of onion were cultured in the lab on medium potato dextrose agar (PDA) in dispossoble petri
dish,after growth of fungi the species of fungi are identified and the percentage frequency of each
fungus were calculate .The fungi Alternaria alternate gived higher percentage frequency from other
fungi it about %66.66 in the red onion roots the second fungus is Aspergillus niger the percentage
frequency about %43.47 in yellow onion roots ,in fungus Fusarium oxysporium the percentage
frequency is %33.33 in red onion roots .The onion stems ,the higher number record from fungus
Penicillium notatium is about %38.88 in yellow onion stem ,the second fungus was Alternaria
tenussimia about %32 in white onion stem ,many numbers observed that isolated from onion leaves
like Curvularia lunata, the percentage frequency about %52.63 from the white onion leaves while the
fungus Alternaria alternate recorded %23.07 in green onion leaves and the fungus Penicillium
notatium record %21.05 from white onion leaves .
Key words: Onion ,Onions benefits, Fungi diseases ,Isolation and identification diseases fungi

In this paper, a field study for certain areas from the city of Al Diwaniya, such like (the market
area (Al msoreen Street),Al wahda district (Khadija Al kubra Street) and Algmhory district (Shaheed
Al Mehrab Street)) for the period from (27/6/2012 to 8 / 29/2012) the result has been compared with
the permissible international standards developed by the World Health Organization "WHO" become
clear there was apollution about 21% on the allowable limits, The sources that led to the high rates of
noise pollution, increase the number of cars and the use of stimulants with high frequencies, as well as
using home generators, which are frequently used in the summer. therefore we recommend that there
be administrative decisions organize the import process of cars and increase the number of streets in
the city.
Key words:

In this work, a series of new3-nitro phthalimides and bromo maleimides derivetives
containing benzothiazole ring were synthesized, the Synthesis of series of N-(substituted
benzothiazole-2-yl) 3-nitro phthalimide were performed via three steps, the first one involved
preparation of a series of substituted 2-aminobenzothiazole via reaction of different primary
aromatic amines with ammonium thiocyanate and bromine in glacial acetic acid, In the second step the
prepared amino benzothiozoles were introduced in reaction with 3- nitro phthalic anhydride producing
a series of N-(substituted benzothiazole-2-yl) 3- nitro phthalamic acid, while Fusion Method used in
preparation of a series N-(substituted benzothiazol-2-yl) bromo maleimide via Fusion The prepared
substituted 2-aminobenzothiazole with Bromo Maleic anhydride to producing a series of N-
(substituted benzothiazol-2-yl) bromo maleimide ,the synthesized compounds were identified
depending upon physical and spectral method, Microbiological activities of the prepared
compounds against four types of bacteria and one type of fungi were evaluated and the results
showed that the most tested compounds have good antibacterial and anti fungi activity .